Carbon (c)yog cov tshuaj lom neeg nrog ntau yam khoom muaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Ua raws li nws sib txawv ntau dua (xws li graphite, pob zeb diamond, fullerene, carbon nanotubes, thiab lwm yam), carbon cov khoom tuaj yeem sib txawv. Hauv qab no yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Carbon:
1. Tshuaj Tshuaj Muaj Zog
Tshuaj Muaj Peev Xwm: PaBon muaj cov tshuaj ruaj khov zoo thiab tsis yooj yim hnov mob nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus, tshwj xeeb yog nyob rau chav sov. Nws tsuas yog kho nrog oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, thiab lwm cov ntsiab los ua ntau yam sib txuas.
Oxidizing muaj peev xwm: Thaum kub thiab roj carbon yooj yim nrog oxygen los ua cov pa roj carbon dioxide (co₂) lossis carbon monoxide (CO).
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog hydrogen: Cov pa roj carbon ua ke nrog hydrogen los tsim hydrocarbons, xws li methhane (ch₄).
2. Cov Khoom Siv Lub Cev
Kev nyuaj: Lub hardness ntawm cov pa roj carbon nyob ntawm nws daim ntawv. Piv txwv li, pob zeb diamond, ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws cov tshuaj ntsuab, yog qhov nyuaj heev, thaum graphite yog cov muag muag heev thiab tuaj yeem siv ua cov roj nplua nyeem.
Melting point: Pob zeb diamond muaj ib qho siab heev melting taw tes, nyob ib ncig ntawm 3550 degree muaj qhov qis melting point ntawm txog 3650 degree, tab sis tseem muaj kev ruaj ntseg high-kub ruaj khov.
Hluav Taws Xob Kev Tshaj Tawm: Graphite thiab fullerene muaj hluav taws xob zoo thiab siv nyob rau hauv cov roj teeb, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam yog tsis ua haujlwm.
Thermal conductivity: Pob zeb diamond muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws thermal conductivity ntawm cov khoom siv uas paub, thaum graphite kuj muaj cov thermal zoo conductivity, ua rau haum rau cov ntawv thov ua cua sov.
Ceev: Pob zeb diamond muaj qhov ntom ntom txog li 3.5 g \/ cm³, thaum graphite muaj qis dua ntawm 2.2 g \/ cm³.
3. Ob pawg
Lub hlawv: Pob zeb diamond yog ib feem ntawm carbon nrog ib qho kev ua ib txwm muaj atomic qauv, muab nws lub hardness heev, muab cov tawv nqaij heev, thiab thermal conductivity.
Npaim: Hauv graphite, cov pa roj carbon atoms yog teem rau hauv txheej, nrog cov van der tsis muaj zog ua ke tuav cov khaubncaws sab nraud ua ke. Qhov no muab graphite zoo conductivity, lubricating cov khoom, thiab qis hardness.
Kev pab dua: Fullerene yog daim qauv molecular ntawm cov pa roj carbon nrog spherical lossis ntiv nplhaib-zoo li tus qauv. Nws muaj cov tshuaj lom tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntawv thov yuav, xws li hauv Nanotechnology.
Cov Nanotubes: Cov pa roj carbon nanotubes muaj zog heev, kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob zoo, thiab muaj cov ntawv thov muaj feem cuam tshuam hauv Nanotechnology, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
4. Cov Khoom Siv Neeg Kho Tshuab
Lub zog: Pob zeb diamond yog cov khoom siv nyuaj heev, tho cov khoom siv, thiab lwm yam, muaj ntau dua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob.
Elastic: Graphite muaj cov yas zoo thiab tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis muaj qee yam txwv, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig hauv cov roj roj thiab cov roj teeb.
5. Thermal ruaj khov
Kub-Kub Kuj: Pob zeb diamond muaj ntau heev thermal ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem tswj hwm nws cov qauv txawm nyob hauv ib puag ncig kub. Graphite tseem ruaj nyob rau ntawm cov khoom kub thiab yog siv dav hauv cov khoom siv kub-ntsuas, xws li hluav taws xob arc.
Thermal nthuav dav: Graphite muaj qhov tsawg coefficient ntawm thermal expansion, uas muab nws zoo seem ruaj khov nyob hauv ib puag ncig kub.
6. Kev Txheeb Xyuas Kev Ua Tau Zoo
Tsis-toxicity: Carbon yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev muaj sia, koom tes nrog txhua lub neej (xws li hauv cov carbohydrates, cov rog, thiab cov muaj protein).
Biodegradity: Cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov pa roj carbon yog feem ntau biodegradable, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj nyob hauv cov foos organic.
7. Cov Ntawv Thov
Lub zog teb: Cov pa roj hmab yog siv los ua roj (xws li thee thiab roj av) thiab hauv cov roj teeb (piv txwv li, cov roj teeb lithium-ion).
Cov ntaub ntawv kawm txuj ci: Pob zeb diamond thiab Graphite yog dav siv hauv kev cov cuab yeej, khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob, thiab kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob
Kws Tshuaj thiab Biotechnology: Fullerene fullerene thiab carbon nanotubes muaj cov ntawv thov hauv kev xa tshuaj, Nanotechnology, thiab thev naus laus zis.
Khoom siv hluav taws xob: Graphite yog siv nyob rau hauv cov roj teeb, electrodes, cov ntaub ntawv siv, thiab lwm yam siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog, hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob.
Hauv kev xaus, cov khoom ntawm cov carbon sib txawv raws nws cov nyiaj ntau, uas ua rau nws muaj ntau yam kev siv nrog cov ntawv thov kev loj thoob plaws ntau daim teb.
