Nickel-based alloys thiab nickel-muaj stainless steels ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv hom tshiab ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab hu ua hnub ci thermal zog lossis lub zog hnub ci tseem ceeb (CSP).
Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv no tau tso cai rau kev lag luam kom kov yeej cov teeb meem hauv kev hloov hluav taws xob thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab, rau cov haujlwm uas tsim lub neej ntawm 40 xyoo lossis ntau dua, tuaj yeem pab txo cov khoom siv degradation lossis hloov cov nqi.
Raws li International Energy Agency (IEO 2017), nruab nrab ntawm 2015 thiab 2040, kev siv lub zog tauj dua tshiab (xws li CSP) yuav loj hlob ntawm tus nqi txhua xyoo ntawm 2.3 feem pua. Tam sim no muaj ntau dua 40 lub hnub ci hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb, thiab ntau dua 20 cov nroj tsuag zoo li no nyob rau theem kev npaj lossis kev tsim kho. Lawv nyiam nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj hnub ci irradiance siab, xws li Spain, Is Nrias teb, South Africa, Tuam Tshoj, Chile, Australia, Middle East thiab North Africa (MENA) thiab yav qab teb Tebchaws Meskas.
Ua qauv qhia CSP fais fab nroj tsuag tau ua haujlwm thaum ntxov li xyoo 1980s. Txij thaum ntawd los, ntau qhov kev vam meej tau ua tiav hauv kev sau qoob loo thiab khaws cia. Lub hnub ci ntauwd yog ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab uas siv cov tshuab uas cov ntsev molten yog siv los ua cov dej hloov hluav taws xob. Lub melting kub ntawm nitrate sib tov yog feem ntau 130 degree (268 degree F) los yog siab dua. Lawv nyob twj ywm hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua kua hauv cov thawv ntim khoom pov tseg ntawm qhov kub ntawm 288 degree (550 degree F). Cov kua ntsev yog ces nqus los ntawm cov yeeb nkab mus rau hauv lub hnub ci txais thiab rhuab los ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj zog kom kub li 566 degree (1,050 degree F). Cov kua kub kub yog ces muab tso rau hauv lub tank kub cia. Lub siab kub cia tank kuj yog rwb thaiv tsev thiab tuaj yeem khaws cov thermal zog rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Thermal Electricity Storage (TES) yog siv los them rau cov kev hloov pauv hauv kev thov thiab ib puag ncig. Cov ntsev molten yog pumped rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas xav tau los ua kom muaj zog los tsav cov pa turbines thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob. TES muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo dua li lwm qhov chaw siv hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab, thiab qee zaum tsis xav tau cov roj hluav taws xob rov qab. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 2013, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntsev ntsev hauv Spain tau tsim hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv 24 teev hauv ib hnub rau 36 hnub - thawj zaug.
Crescent Dunes yog ib qho chaw nres tsheb fais fab hauv kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv Tonopah, Nevada, nyob rau hauv cov suab puam sab qaum teb ntawm Las Vegas, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntawm 110 megawatts thiab TES lub sijhawm ntawm 10 teev. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob tag nrho txog li 10 teev thaum lub sijhawm xav tau siab tshaj plaws. Ntau tshaj 10,000 heliostats qhia txog lub hnub ci thiab mloog zoo rau lub zog ntawm lub receiver saum toj ntawm 200-meter (640-foot) pej thuam. Txhua lub heliostat muaj cov iav me me nrog thaj tsam ntawm 115.7 square metres (1,245 square feet). Tag nrho cov teeb pom kev zoo tshaj 1.2 lab square metres (12 lab square feet). Txij li thaum nws pib ua lag luam hauv xyoo 2015, Crescent Dunes tau tsim hluav taws xob ntau dua 173 gigawatts, txaus kom tau raws li qhov xav tau hluav taws xob siab tshaj ntawm kwv yees li 75,{17}} tsev. Hnub ci yees thiab molten ntsev CSPs tsim lub hauv paus tsim rau cov phiaj xwm tshiab hauv South Africa, Australia thiab Nevada. Txoj haujlwm 100 MW Redstone hauv South Africa yuav ua tau raws li qhov xav tau hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws ntawm 200,000 cov tsev neeg nrog TES lub sijhawm 12 teev. Ib txoj haujlwm tshiab loj hauv Nevada muaj 10 lub hnub ci yees nrog lub peev xwm tsim tau 2 gigawatts (2,{25}} megawatts).
Kev siv ntawmstainless hlauthiabnpib tsib xee alloystau ua kom kub kub ua tau, qhov uas tuav cov ntsev molten yav tas los yog ib qho nyuaj. Cov kws tsim qauv thiab cov kws tsim qauv tau pib ua cov raj xa los ntawm cov nickel-based alloys xws li UNS N06617, N06625 thiab N06230 vim lawv xav tau kom muaj lub zog kub kub rau lub sijhawm ntev -- cov cuab yeej hu ua creep resistance. Cov alloys no ruaj khov ntawm kev ua haujlwm kub feem ntau vim lawv cov ntsiab lus nickel siab thiab lawv tsis kam oxidation.
Hom 347H stainless hlau (S34709) yog siv rau kub cia tank.
Raws li xyoo 2016, tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm CSPs thoob ntiaj teb tau mus txog 4,815 MW. Hauv 2017, Spain muaj 2,300 MW ntawm lub peev xwm txhim kho hauv kev ua haujlwm, yuav luag ib nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho. Tebchaws Asmeskas muaj peev xwm nruab ntawm 1,740 MW thiab muaj ob qhov haujlwm loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb: Avenpa Solar Power Station (392 MW) thiab Mojave Solar Project (354 MW).
Crescent Dunes, nyob rau hauv cov suab puam sab qaum teb ntawm Las Vegas, Nevada, muaj lub zog tsim hluav taws xob ntawm 110 megawatts thiab TES lub sijhawm 10 teev. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob tag nrho txog li 10 teev thaum lub sijhawm xav tau siab tshaj plaws.
Solar ntauwd tsom siv technology
1. Lub hnub ci yog tsom mus rau ntawm thaj chaw loj ntawm heliostats thiab cuam tshuam rau lub receiver nyob rau saum toj ntawm 195-meter (640-}ko taw) pej thuam; 2. Cov kua ntsev los ntawm lub tank txias ntsev yog pumped rau hauv lub receiver thiab rhuab mus rau 566 degree (1050 degree F); 3. Rhaub ntsev nyob rau hauv lub receiver yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib tug kub ntsev tank; 4. Cov ntsev kub yog muab tso rau hauv lub tank kub ntsev los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua kom muaj zog, uas ua rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua kom muaj hluav taws xob; 5. Cov ntsev txias ntawm 288 degree (550 degree F) ntws rov qab mus rau lub tank txias ntsev; 6. Cov chav condensed los ntawm chav turbine yog rov siv dua.
