Vim li cas hlau sib nqus? Tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb fawb tom qab nws lub Magnetism
Hlau yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom sib nqus uas zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, thiab nws cov khoom sib nqus muaj zog muaj cov kws tshawb fawb txaus siab rau ntau pua xyoo. Tab sis dab tsi raws nraim ua rau cov hlau nplaum? Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb txog kev kawm txuj ci ntawm IF Magnetism, suav nrog cov qauv atomic, thiab cov hlau sib nqus hauv cov chaw sib txawv. Txawm hais tias koj yog ib tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm physics lossis tsuas yog xav paub txog cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov hlau tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau tseem ceeb no, cov lus qhia no yuav piav qhia txhua.
Nkag siab hlau nplaum: Nws yog dab tsi?
Magnetism yog lub zog uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov lus tsa suab ntawm hluav taws xob cov nqi. Nyob rau theem atomic, Magnetism yog tsim los ntawm cov kiv thiab orbital txav ntawm cov hluav taws xob nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus ntawm ib qho atom. Thaum cov kev sib khi no ua kom haum, lawv tsim cov chaw sib nqus, ua kom cov khoom siv muaj peev xwm nyiam lossis rov ua dua lwm cov khoom sib nqus.
Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv nthuav tawm cov cwj pwm sib txawv raws li yuav ua li cas lawv atomic magnetic lub sij hawm sib cuam tshuam. Hlau tau faib ua cov khoom siv ferromagnetic, lub ntsiab lus nws muaj cov khoom sib nqus thiab tsis zoo li lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsuas yog ua kom muaj hlau nplaum ib ntus lossis hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Cov qauv atomic ntawm cov hlau
Hlau yog cov tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov cim FE thiab atomic tooj 26. Nws cov qauv atomic ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom sib nqus. Cov atoms hlau muaj cov nucleus ua los ntawm cov protons thiab neutrons, puag ncig los ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv cov qib sib txawv (lossis orbitals). Cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub plhaub sab nraud yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum nws los txog rau Magnetism.
Tus hlau, cov hluav taws xob hauv 3D orbitals yog ib nrab uas tau txav mus thiab tig txoj hauv kev uas cia lawv lub sijhawm sib nqus (sib nqus me me) kom sib nqus. Cov teeb meem sib nqus no yog qhov tseem ceeb los ua cov hlau ua cov hlau nplaum.
Ferromagnetism: Vim li cas Hlau Hlau nplaumize?
Hlau yog ib txwm ferromagnetic, uas txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem ua tau magnetized. Nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv ferromagetic, lub sijhawm sib nqus ntawm cov tib neeg ib txwm ua kom haum rau tib qho kev coj ua, tsim cov hlau loj sib nqus. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw me me hu ua cov hlau nplaum.
Sib nqus cov tswv cuab: Ib qho chaw sib nqus yog ib pab pawg ntawm atoms uas lub sijhawm sib nqus uas ua kom haum rau tib txoj kev coj. Hauv ib qho ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, cov chaw no yog kev taw qhia tau, tso tseg txhua lwm yam tawm thiab ua cov khoom uas tsis sib nqus li tag nrho.
Magnetization: Thaum ib daim teb sib nqus sab nraud yog siv rau hlau, cov thawj hauv cov hlau pib ua kom haum nrog lub tshav pob. Yog tias cov teb sib nqus muaj zog txaus, tus thawj tuaj yeem ua kom haum, tig cov hlau mus rau hauv cov hlau nplaum nrog cov hlau sib nqus.
Lub Luag Hauj Lwm Ntawm Electron Saws hauv Hlau Lub Hlau nplaum
Lub zog coj cwj pwm hlau yog feem ntau vim yog cov spins ntawm nws cov electrons. Cov tshuab hluav taws xob coj ua cov hlau nplaum me me, thiab lawv cov kiv yog dab tsi tsim lub sijhawm sib nqus. Hauv hlau, kev npaj ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv 3D orbigs tso cai rau cov neeg tiv thaiv hluav taws xob uas tsis tau ua kom haum rau tib txoj kev. Qhov no ua rau muaj zog, kev sib cav sib nqus lub sijhawm rau tag nrho atom.
Curie Kub: Qhov txwv ntawm Hlau Magnetism
Thaum hlau yog ib txwm sib nqus, nws cov khoom sib nqus yog qhov kub-muaj. Qhov kub los yog qhov ntsuas kub yog qhov hlau uas poob nws cov khoom siv ferrigagnetic thiab ua paramagnetic. Saum toj no qhov kub no (kwv yees li 770 qib lossis 1040 k), lub zog thermal yog qhov siab txaus los cuam tshuam nrog cov sib nqus ntawm cov hlau nplaum, ua rau lawv ua kom dhau los ua kev taw qhia. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom poob loses nws cov hlau nplaum tas mus li.
Ntawm qhov kub hauv qab qhov chaw ci, hlau tseem muaj hlau nplaum, nrog cov sib nqus ua ke ua ke, ua rau muaj zog sib nqus. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov hlau tuaj yeem sib nqus, thiab yog vim li cas nws tuaj yeem poob nws cov hlauetism yog tias raug rau cua sov.
Cov Kev Siv Ntawm Cov Hlau Cov Khoom Sib Nqus Sib Nqus
Hlau cov khoom sib nqus ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntau cov ntawv thov. Nov yog qee qhov kev siv hlau:
Hlau nplaum: Hlau yog thawj feem ntawm cov hlau nplaum tas mus li. Cov hlau nplaum no tau siv nyob rau hauv txhua yam ntawm cov hlau tshuab tub yees rau hluav taws xob motors thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob.
Electric Motors: Cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm hluav taws xob. Hlau Cores tau siv los ua kom ua kom nrov nrov ntawm cov khoom sib nqus uas tsim los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no, txhim kho lub cev muaj zog.
Kev hloov pauv: Cov hlau sib nqus kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv kev hloov pauv, qhov twg hlau Cores pab mloog cov lus sib txuas hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
Sib Nqus Cia: Hlau oxide siv hauv kev sib nqus khoom lag luam zoo li cov khoom sib nqus zoo li cov khoom sib nqus thiab tapes, qhov twg nws cov khoom sib nqus uas tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv kom muab sau cia thiab rov ua haujlwm.
Vim li cas cov hlau thiaj tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm ntawm Magnetism?
Hlau tau muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm txog Magnetism vim nws cov khoom ntuj muaj ntuj. Cov khoom siv muaj peev xwm los ua cov magnetized thiab khaws nws cov xim sib nqus tau ua nws cov qauv sib nqus tau ua rau muaj cov hlauetism no ua haujlwm ntawm cov maticetism no ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw atomic thiab macroscopic. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau siv hlau hauv cov kev sim kom nkag siab zoo dua ntawm cov cwj pwm, hluav taws xob spins, thiab cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob sib xyaw nrog cov rog sib nqus.
Xaus: Qhov xwm sib nqus ntawm cov hlau
Hlau cov khoom sib nqus yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws cov qauv sib txawv, qhov chaw tsis muaj hluav taws xob hauv 3D orbitals tuaj yeem ua kom haum thiab ua cov khoom siv net sib nqus. Thaum cov sij hawm no ua kom haum rau tib txoj kev taw qhia, hlau ua cov hlauetized, kev sib sau muaj zog sib nqus teb. Cov khoom siv cov xwm txheej ferromagnetic ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim khoom, ntawm kev tsim cov hlau nplaum kom tiv thaiv cov hlau hluav taws xob rau hluav taws xob roj. Kev nkag siab tias vim li cas hlau yog sib nqus pab peb txaus siab rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm Magnetism hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev tshawb fawb.
Los ntawm kev tshem tawm kom tob rau hauv cov hlau cov khoom sib nqus, peb tau txais cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb rau hauv cov kev siv hluav taws xob ntau rau ntau xyoo tom ntej.
