Lub cev thiab tshuaj ntawm cov hlau hlau
Hlau (FE) yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv cov hlau vim nws kev nplua mais, lub zog, thiab versatility. Hauv qab no yog cov txheej txheem cej luam ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab tshuaj ntawm cov hlau.
Lub cev muaj zog thiab tshuaj ntawm cov hlau
| Ntiag tug | Tus nqi / lus piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Kev tshwm sim | Silvery-Grey, Nws Yog Xim Hlau Mloog |
| Ceev | 7.87 g / cm³ |
| Melting taw tes | 1538 degree (2800 degree f) |
| Kub taw tes | 2862 Qib (5182 Qib F) |
| Hluav Taws Xob Kev Tshaj Tawm | Zoo, tab sis tsis siab li tooj liab lossis txhuas |
| Thermal conductivity | 80 W/m·K |
| Lub magnetism | Ferromagnetic (magnetizable) |
| Kev nyuaj | 4.5 ntawm Mohs nplai (muag hauv daim foos ntshiab) |
| Kev ua siab loj | Zas thiab malleable nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntshiab |
| Reactivity nrog oxygen | Cov hlau oxide (xeb) |
| Reactivity nrog dej | Cov ntawv hlau hydroxide thiab hydrogen roj |
| Ractivity nrog acids | Cov Ntawv Hlau Khoom thiab Hydrogen Gas |
| Cov Axidation Oxidation | Fe²⁺ thiab Fe³s |
| Corrosion Kuj | Raug rau xeb tab sis txhim kho hauv cov alloys |
Lub cev cov khoom ntawm cov hlau
Kev tshwm sim:
Hlau yog cov khoom lag luam silverery-grey hlau nrog nws yog xim hlau luster.
Nws yog tus mos muag thaum nyob hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyuaj nrog cov ntsiab lus zoo li cov roj carbon (ua kom cov hlau).
Ceev:
Qhov ntom ntawm cov hlau yog kwv yees li7.87 g / cm³.
Qhov no tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua rau cov khoom siv haum rau cov ntaub ntawv uas xav tau cov khoom siv ntau thiab muaj zog.
Melting taw tes:
Hlau muaj lub siab melting taw tes txog1538 degree (2800 degree f).
Qhov no zoo melting taw tes ua rau nws siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov kub siab xws li steelmaking steelmaking.
Kub taw tes:
Lub boiling taw tes ntawm hlau yog2862 Qib (5182 Qib F).
Hluav Taws Xob Kev Tshaj Tawm:
Hlau yog aTus neeg coj ua zoo ntawm hluav taws xob, Txawm tias tsis zoo li tooj liab lossis txhuas. Nws feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tus coj raws li qhov tsim nyog.
Thermal conductivity:
Hlau muaj zoo thermal conductivity, nrog lub thermal conductivity ntawm txog80 W/m·K.
Qhov no ua rau nws siv tau cov khoom siv rau kev ua cua sov hauv ntau daim ntaub ntawv kev lag luam.
Lub magnetism:
Hlau yoghlauhauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab thiab yog aferromagneticcov khoom siv. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws tau nyiam rau cov hlau nplaum thiab tuaj yeem ua cov hlauetized.
Cov cuab yeej no yog vim li cas hlau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob ntawm electromagnets, cov tshuab raj, thiab lwm yam khoom siv sib nqus.
Kev nyuaj:
Cov hlau ntshiab yog tus mos muag, nrog lub hardness ntawm txog4.5 ntawm Mohs NplaiCov. Txawm li cas los xij, hlau alloys zoo li cov hlau yog qhov nyuaj dua thiab muaj zog dua.
Lub hardness ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev ntxiv cov roj carbon thiab lwm yam xws li cam khwb cia hlau thiab hlau.
Ductility thiab malleability:
Hlau yogruajthiabav nqos tauCov. Nws tuaj yeem kos tau rau hauv xaim thiab muab ntxig rau hauv cov ntawv txheeb thaum nyob hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws dhau los ua ntau nkig ntawm cov khoom lag luam roj carbon ntau dua.
Tshuaj lom neeg tej yam ntawm cov hlau
Reactivity nrog oxygen:
Hlau reacts yooj yim nrog oxygen hauv cov cua los uaHlau Oxide (Fe₂o₃), feem ntau hu ua xeb.
Kev xebyog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation uas hlau los plam cov hluav taws xob thiab cov hlau oxide, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv muaj cov dej noo thiab huab cua.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog dej:
Hlau tuaj yeem ua rau muajywg dejlos tsim cov hlau hydroxide thiab hydrogen roj. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim ntau dua thaum hlau yog nthuav tawm cov dej noo thiab kub.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog:
Fe +2 → Fe (Oh) {} h2fe {}} h} h2} h2}} h2 {
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov kua qaub:
Hlau reacts nrog cov kua qaub los uaHydrogen GasthiabCov Khoom Siv HlauCov. Piv txwv li, thaum hlau reacts nrog hydrochloric acid (HCl), nws ua cov tshuaj kas fes thiab hydrogen roj:
Fe +2 hcl {{} h2fe {}} be {}} hcl} hcl2 + h2
Oxidation States:
Cov hlau feem ntau muaj nyob hauv ob oxidation hais:+2 (fe²⁺)thiab+3 (Fe³⁺).
Nyob rau hauv nws+2} xeev, cov ntawv hlau sib txuas xws li hlau (II) oxide (feo), thaum nyob hauv nws+3} xeev, nws cov qauv sib txuas xws li hlau (III) oxide (Fe₂o₃).
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog halogens:
Hlau reacts nrogtoj lwg(xws li chlorine, tshuaj fluorine, bromine, thiab iodine) los uaHlau HalidesCov. Piv txwv li, thaum hlau reacts nrog chlorine, nws ua cov chloride:
FE + CL2 → fecl2fe + cl {{4 4}} \ txoj cai tam sim no}
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog carbon:
Hlau reacts nrogpa roj carbonntawm qhov kub los uaHlau carbide (fe₃c), uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab cov hlau cam khwb cia. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov kev tawm tsam hauv kev siv hlau.
Corrosion Kuj:
Thaum lub sij hawm ntshiab hlau yog kev ntxim siab heev rau corrosion (xeb), nws feem ntau tau sib cais nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus (xws li chromium hauv cov hlau tsis xeb) txhawm rau txhim kho nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kom xeb.
Hauv cov hlau stainless, hlau tsim ib txheej oxide uas txwv tsis pub oxidation thiab corrosion.
Reactivity nrog nitrogen:
Hlau reacts nrognitrogenntawm nce siab kub los uaHlau Nitride(Fe₄n lossis fe₆n). Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig hauv qee cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, xws li nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv kev ua tau zoo.
Electrochemical tus cwj pwm:
Hlau tuaj yeem ua raws li ob qho tib sinaj hoomthiabtus kws uanhahodeHauv cov tshuaj hluav taws xob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob, nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig. Cov cuab yeej no tau siv nyob rau hauv Galvanization, qhov twg cov hlau yog coated nrog ib txheej ntawm zinc kom tiv thaiv kom taus xeb.
Tag
Hlau yog ntau cov hlau ntau yam nrog ntau lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau nws tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam thiab cov ntawv thov txhua hnub. Nws lub peev xwm los ua alloys, tiv thaiv corrosion thaum kho, thiab hnov mob nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus muab nws ntau yam ntawm cov hlau thiab nrum hlau.
