ASTM A182 qhia txog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg uas yuav tsum tau muaj rau ntau qib alloy thiab stainless hlau siv hauv kev tsim cov forged lossis dov yeeb nkab flanges, forged fittings, li qub, thiab lwm yam khoom siv rau kev pabcuam kub. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg sib txawv nyob ntawm seb cov qib tshwj xeeb thiab hom hlau. Feem ntau, nws suav nrog cov ntsiab lus xws li carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, npib tsib xee, molybdenum, thiab lwm yam hauv qhov tshwj xeeb kom ua tiav cov khoom xav tau thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv corrosion. Cov kev cai no xyuas kom meej tias cov ntaub ntawv ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim nyog rau lub zog, toughness, thiab corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv high-temperature ib puag ncig.
Ntawm no yog ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov hais txog steel hom:
1. Tsawg Alloy Steels:
- Cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau muaj me me ntawm cov hlau alloying (tshwj tsis yog carbon thiab hlau) xws li manganese, chromium, molybdenum, thiab nickel.
- Cov hlau no muab cov cuab yeej kho kom zoo dua qub (xws li lub zog thiab tawv) piv rau cov hlau carbon steel.
- Cov kev siv feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv tsheb, thiab cov tshuab.
2. Martensitic Stainless Hlau:
- Martensitic stainless hlau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv lub zog siab thiab hardness, ua tiav los ntawm kev kho cua sov (quenching thiab tempering).
- Lawv muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau dua (feem ntau yog 0.1% rau 1.2%) piv rau lwm hom stainless hlau.
- Martensitic stainless hlau yog hlau nplaum thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo hauv qee qhov chaw.
- Cov ntawv thov feem ntau suav nrog cutlery, cov cuab yeej phais, thiab cov cuab yeej siv khoom lag luam.
3. Ferritic Stainless hlau:
- Ferritic stainless hlau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv cov ferritic (lub cev-centered cubic) crystal qauv.
- Lawv muaj chromium (feem ntau 10.5% mus rau 30%) thiab me ntsis kom tsis muaj npib tsib xee, uas ua rau lawv tsis tshua kim tshaj austenitic stainless hlau.
- Ferritic stainless hlau muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo hauv ntau qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj chlorides.
- Cov ntawv thov feem ntau suav nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv tsheb, cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, thiab cov khoom siv vaj tsev.
4. Austenitic Stainless Hlau:
- Austenitic stainless hlau yog hom stainless hlau ntau tshaj plaws.
- Lawv muaj cov qauv austenitic (lub ntsej muag-centered cubic) siv lead ua thiab muaj cov qib siab ntawm chromium thiab npib tsib xee.
- Austenitic stainless hlau yog cov tsis muaj hlau nplaum thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo, siab ductility, thiab zoo formability.
- Cov ntawv thov feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom siv ua zaub mov, cov nkoj ua tshuaj lom neeg, thiab cov qauv vaj tsev.
5. Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steels (Duplex Stainless Steels):
- Ferritic-austenitic stainless hlau, tseem hu ua duplex stainless hlau, muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ferritic thiab austenitic stainless hlau.
- Lawv muab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog siab thiab zoo heev corrosion kuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj chloride.
- Duplex stainless hlau yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam xws li roj thiab roj, tshuaj ua, thiab marine engineering, qhov twg ob lub zog thiab corrosion kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau.
Txhua yam ntawm cov hlau no muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab tsim nyog rau kev siv sib txawv raws li cov yam ntxwv xws li corrosion kuj, txhua yam khoom, thiab nqi.
| Hom hlau | Hom Khoom Qib | Kev kho cua sov yuav tsum tau |
|---|---|---|
| Tsawg Alloy Steels | F1, F5, F9, F11, F12, F22, F91 | Normalizing los yog quenching thiab tempering; austenitizing thiab tempering |
| Martensitic Stainless hlau | F6a, F6b, F6NM | Quenching thiab tempering |
| Ferritic Stainless hlau | F429, F430, F430F, F430FSe, F446 | Annealing, kev nyuaj siab relieving |
| Austenitic Stainless hlau | F304, F304L, F304H, F304L, F304N, F304H, F304H, F309H, F310, F310H, F310MoLN, F316, F316L, F316L, F316LN, F316N, F3726T, F316N, F3716Ti, , F348 H | Cov tshuaj annealing los yog annealing ua raws li los ntawm quenching los yog ceev txias, ces tempering |
| Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steels (Duplex Stainless Hlau) | F44, F45, F51, F53, F55, F60, F61 | Kev daws annealing, quenching, thiab tempering |
