2020 yog qhov pib ntawm kaum xyoo tshiab ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav chaw thiab kev tsim kho tshiab, uas cov nickel-muaj alloys ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, suav nrog foob pob hluav taws, lub log thiab catalyst tsim.
SpaceX, ib lub tuam txhab mob siab rau kev tsim khoom siv dav hlau thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm qhov chaw rov ua dua, siv cov nickel-muaj 304 (S30400) stainless hlau los tsim Starships thiab cov foob pob hluav taws hnyav hnyav.
Tus nqi qis dua piv rau cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau, uas raug nqi ntau dua 60 npaug ntau dua ib kilogram. Nws kuj tseem muaj cua sov ntau dua li cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau lossis lwm yam hlau, yog li nws xav tau tsawg dua, lossis tej zaum txawm tias, rwb thaiv tsev.
Lub caij no, NASA tab tom tshawb nrhiav lwm daim ntawv thov muaj peev xwm rau cov khoom siv npib tsib xee hauv kev sojntsuam lub log. Cov roj hmab log tsis zoo rau lub hli lossis Mars, yog li thawj Apollo lunar rover lub log yog ua los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel, tab sis lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel log ntawm lub log loj thiab hnyav tsim los siv rau Mars yuav deform. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, NASA tab tom tsim cov hlau mesh lub log ua los ntawm cov nickel-titanium alloy, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cim xeeb thiab tuaj yeem tiv nrog 30 lub sij hawm deformation ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel log.
Nruab nrog lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws Raptor, SpaceX Starship yog ib qho ntawm thawj Starships siv los ntawm cov kua methane thiab cov pa oxygen thiab yog tsim los siv 1, 000. Methane tau raug xaiv los ua foob pob hluav taws roj rau Mars rau kev rov qab los. methane tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev siv carbon dioxide thiab hydrogen los ntawm Chabatier cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas hydrogen reacts nrog carbon dioxide los ntawm cov catalyst ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (qhov kub zoo tshaj yog 300-400 degree) thiab siab siab los tsim methane thiab dej. Ib qho catalyst uas tuaj yeem siv tau yog npib tsib xee.
Martian huab cua yog 95 feem pua carbon dioxide, thiab NASA tau lees paub tias muaj dej ntawm Mars, cov khoom siv raw xav tau los tsim cov methane thiab oxygen rau foob pob hluav taws thiab cov pa oxygen rau cov neeg caij nkoj ua pa. Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov nickel kuj xav tau los ntawm lub ntiaj teb liab qhov kub thiab txias uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj liquefied methane, hydrogen thiab oxygen.
Nickel-tooj liab alloy K-500 (N05500)muaj ductility zoo heev nyob rau hauv qis kub thiab yog nplaim resistant nyob rau hauv ntshiab oxygen. Qhov no ua rau nws qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau lub twj tso kua mis oxygen booster uas muab cov pa oxygen rau lub foob pob hluav taws.
Nrog nws lub zog siab thiab toughness,Alloy hlau 718 (N07718)yog nag lossis daus hardenable npib tsib xee-chromium alloy siv nyob rau hauv dav hlau turbojets, foob pob ua ntxaij cav thiab cov hlab ntsha siab, thiab tuaj yeem tswj qhov kub qis mus rau -250 degree Liquefy roj thiab ua kom muaj zog. Tab sis cov khoom ntawm alloy 718 ua rau nws nyuaj rau tshuab thiab tsim dua lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Kev nqis peev casting txheej txheem tuaj yeem muaj teeb meem vim tias Alloy 718 yog qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov porosity, kev sib cais, thiab qhov hnyav hnyav hnyav, yuav tsum tau ua cov kauj ruam tom ntej.
Qhov kev daws teeb meem yog dab tsi? 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem siv tau zoo dua siv nickel-raws li alloys xws li 718 alloys hauv kev ua haujlwm siab nrog cov qauv tsim.
3D luam ntawv ua rau nws yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem alloy 718 thiab khaws cov khoom zoo. Cov txheej txheem zam kev vuam thiab machining, yog li txo cov khoom pov tseg zoo heev. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tsim no tau pom los ntawm 3D luam ntawv tus qauv ntawm 718 alloy foob pob hluav taws cav. Tus qauv tsim los ntawm kev txawj ntse txawj ntse thiab tsim los ntawm Hyperganic Software hauv Tebchaws Yelemees.
Tsis zoo li cov tshuab foob pob hluav taws, uas muaj cov khoom tsim thiab sib sau ua ke, 3D-luam qauv qauv yog ib qho txuas ntxiv. Nws muaj cov combustion chamber qhov twg roj thiab oxidant hlawv, thiab nto raws li circulate roj kom txias lub combustion chamber thiab tsis txhob overheating. Txoj kev tsim kho monolithic lav qhov hnyav tshaj plaws thiab ua kom txias tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws. Lub Vulcan II foob pob ua ntxaij project ntawm University of California, San Diego, kuj siv 3D luam ntawv los ua lub Ignus II 718 alloy foob pob ua ntxaij cav. Rau txhua daim ntawv thov tshiab yav tom ntej, npib tsib xee yuav pab tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw mus ntxiv.
